What is Appium?
Appium is an open source test automation tool developed and supported by Sauce Labs to automate native and hybrid mobile apps. It is basically know as a Cross-browser Mobile Automation Tool. It uses JSON wire protocol internally to interact with iOS and Android native apps using the Selenium WebDriver.
Appium Architecture
Appium is a HTTP server written in node.js which creates and handles multiple WebDriver sessions for different platforms like iOS and Android.
Appium starts a “test case” on the device that spawns a server and listens for proxies commands from the main Appium server. It is almost same as Selenium server which perceives HTTP requests from selenium client libraries and it handles those requests in different ways depending upon the platforms. Each vendor like iOS and Android have a different way and mechanism to run a test case on the device so Appium kind of hacks in to it and run this testcase after listening commands fromAppium server.
How Appium works in iOS?
On iOS, Appium proxies command to a UIAutomation script running in Mac Instruments environment. Apple provides this application called ‘instruments’ which is used to do lot activities like profiling, controlling and building iOS apps but it also has an automation component where we can write some commands in javascript which uses UIAutomation APIs to interact with the App UI.Appium utilizes these same libraries to automate iOS Apps.
In the above figure, we can see the architecture of the Appium in context to the iOS automation. If we talk about a command life-cycle, it goes like, Selenium webdriver picks a command form the code like (Element.click) and sends it in form of JSon via http request to the Appium server. Appium server knows the automation context like the iOS and Android and sends this command to the Instruments command server which will wait for the Instruments command client (written in node.js) to pick it up and execute it in bootstrap.js with in the iOS instruments environment. Once the command is executed the command client sends back the message to the Appium server which logs everything related to the command in its console. This cycle keeps going till the time all the commands gets executed.
How Appium works in Android?
The situation is almost similar in case of Android where Appium proxies commands to a UIAutomator test case running on the device. UIAutomator is Android’s native UI automation framework which supports running junit test cases directly in to the device from the command line.It uses java as a programming language but Appium will make it run from any of the WebDriversupported languages.
In the above diagram we can see, here we have Bootstrap.jar in place of bootstrap.js which represents out test case when compiled in java. As soon as it gets launched it spawns a TCP server. Here the TCP server resides inside the device and client is in the Appium process which is just opposite to the way it is in iOS.
Appium’s Pros and Cons:
Pros:
- The beauty of Appium is that, all the complexities are under the hood of Appium server and for an automation developer the programming language and the whole experience would remain same irrespective of the platform he is automating (iOS or Android).
- The other benefits of Appium is that it opens the door to cross-platform mobile testing which means the same test would work on multiple platforms.
- Unlike other tools Appium doesn’t require you to include some extra agents in your app to make it automation friendly. It believes in the philosophy of testing the same app which we are going to submit in the app store.
- It is developed and supported by Sauce Labs and it is getting picked really fast with in theWebDriver community for mobile automation.
- It can automate Web, Hybrid and Native mobile applications.
Cons:
- Scaling up is an important consideration with Continuous Integration and Appium comes across as a great tool to fulfill this expectation. The reason for this is a technical limitation, in iOS we can only run one instance on Instruments per Mac OS so we can only run our iOS scripts on one device per mac machine. So if we want to run our tests on multiple iOS devices at the same time then we would need to arrange the same number of Mac machines, which would be costly affair. But this limitation can be resolved if we execute our scripts in Sauce Lab’s mobile cloud which at present supports running scripts on multiple iOS simulators at the same time.
- Appium uses UIAutomator for Android automation which only supports Android SDK Platform, API 16 or higher so to support the older APIs they have used another open source library called Selendroid. So I would not say it as a limitation but it is definitely an overhead on the configuration side.
To Configure Appium on Mac:
Following configurations are required to run Appium on Mac:
- First we need to download the Appium app for Mac from this link. Once downloaded you need to move this app in to your applications folder and then you can launch it from your Mac Launchpad.
- As Appium uses node.js internally so we would also need to install node on the mac machine, which can be downloaded from http://nodejs.org/ , it will download a node-v0.10.xx.pkg file which you need to install.
- We also need to make sure we are using Mac OSX 10.7+
- XCode 4.5 or higher version along with iPhone simulator SDK and Command Line Tools should be installed on the mac machine.
Set up Appium with Eclipse
Step 5: Download and Install NodeJs
Step 6: Install Microsoft .net Framework
Step 11: Set Up Appium Project in Eclipse
Appium Basics
Chapter 1: How to use Appium UIAutomatorViewer
Chapter 2: How to use Locators in Appium
Chapter 3: Inspect elements of Mobile Web Application
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Things to Know
Topic 1: How to find aapPackage & aapActivity
Topic 3: ADB Commands
Setting Up Virtual Devices
Set up Appium with Eclipse in detail: Run The First Test
Now you are all set to write your first test script. Create a small test Program for opening a Amazon application on your device using Appium (Here, I use emulator on ubuntu 14.04).
1) Copy & paste the below code to your StartApplication class and give it a run.
package amazon;import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
public class StartApplication {
private static AndroidDriver driver;
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException, InterruptedException {
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, "/Apps/Amazon/");
//System.out.println(classpathRoot.getAbsolutePath() + ":");
//System.out.println(appDir.getAbsolutePath());
File app = new File(appDir, "in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping.apk");
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "");
capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "Android");
capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "4.4.2");
capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
capabilities.setCapability("app", app.getAbsolutePath());
capabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping");
capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", "com.amazon.mShop.home.HomeActivity");
driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(80, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Thread.sleep(10000);
driver.quit();
System.out.println("DONE!");
}
}
2) Do no get in to details for now and simply run the test. To start the test just select Run > Run As > Java Application Or Right Click on Eclipse code and Click Run As > Java Application.
3) After a few Seconds, you will see that with the help of your script, Amazon application will belaunched on your device. Once the execution is finished, you will see a long list of messages on theAppium console.We will come back to these messages later.
Code Explanation
Lets now discuss what each line of code means in the above test. I hope you are enjoying your journey of learning Appium.
Import libraries statements
// Llibrary for Appium drivers
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
// Library to create the path to APK
import java.io.File;
import java.io.File;
// Library used to verify if URL is malformed
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
// Library used to create URL for the Appium server
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URL;
// Libraries for configuring Desired Capabilities
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
Path to APK file
Since the Amazon app apk is stored in the computer and is not already installed on the device we need to create a file object which represents the actual apk file on the disk. I placed the folder ‘/Apps/Amazon/‘ which contains the apk file inside the Eclipse project.
// Path to Eclipse project
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty(“user.dir”));
File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty(“user.dir”));
// Path to <project folder>/Apps -> Amazon
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, “/Apps/Amazon/”);
File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, “/Apps/Amazon/”);
// Path to <project folder>/Apps -> Amazon/Amozon apk file
File app = new File(appDir, “in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping.apk”);
File app = new File(appDir, “in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping.apk”);
Desired Capabilities
To be able to test the app on an actual device Desired Capabilities need to be set. Desired Capabilities are a set of keys and values sent to the Appium server to tell the server what kind of automation session we’re interested in starting up. There are also capabilities used to modify the behavior of the server during automation.
// To create an object of Desired Capabilities
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
// Name of mobile web browser to automate. It should be an empty string, as we are automation an app
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, “”);
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, “”);
// Name of the OS: Android, iOS or FirefoxOS
capabilities.setCapability(“platformName”, “Android”);
capabilities.setCapability(“platformName”, “Android”);
// Mobile OS version – My device is running Android 4.4.2
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.VERSION, “4.4.2”);
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.VERSION, “4.4.2”);
// Device name: – I am using Micromax A311
capabilities.setCapability(“deviceName”, “Micromax A311”);
capabilities.setCapability(“deviceName”, “Micromax A311”);
// An absolute local path to the APK file
capabilities.setCapability(“app”, app.getAbsolutePath());
capabilities.setCapability(“app”, app.getAbsolutePath());
// Java package of the tested Android app
capabilities.setCapability(“appPackage”, “in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping”);
capabilities.setCapability(“appPackage”, “in.amazon.mShop.android.shopping”);
// An activity name for the Android activity you want to run from your package.
capabilities.setCapability(“appActivity”, “com.amazon.mShop.home.HomeActivity”);
capabilities.setCapability(“appActivity”, “com.amazon.mShop.home.HomeActivity”);
// Constructor to initialize driver object with new Url and Capabilities
driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL(“http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub”), capabilities);
driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL(“http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub”), capabilities);
